How deep should a CNC router cut wood in one pass?

Question

Accepted Answer

There is no universal depth of cut for every machine and material. A frequently used starting guideline is a pass depth approximately equal to the cutter diameter, but this is not a fixed rule. The appropriate depth depends on tool diameter, cutting-edge length, wood density, spindle power, machine rigidity, work-holding strength, feed rate, tool-path type, and required edge finish. A rigid industrial router may handle deeper passes than a light-duty machine using the same tool. Begin conservatively and increase the depth only after confirming stable cutting, reliable hold-down, and acceptable spindle load.

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